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    This study shows that 3D surface profile parameters derived from Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can effectively assess cartilage degeneration. While not differentiating early stages, these parameters offer valuable insights into surface integrity for improved diagnosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Orthopedics
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • Cartilage degeneration diagnosis is clinically important.
    • Loss of surface integrity is an early sign but lacks objective evaluation.
    • Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) offers high-resolution, non-destructive imaging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the diagnostic potential of 3D surface profile parameters for evaluating cartilage degeneration.
    • To define standards for OCT-based surface evaluation.
    • To assess the correlation between 3D surface parameters and degenerative grades.

    Main Methods:

    • 45 human knee cartilage samples from total knee replacements were analyzed.
    • Spectral-domain OCT was used to acquire 3D datasets at various scan sizes.
    • Automated algorithms processed OCT data to calculate 21 3D surface profile parameters.
    • Histological assessment served as the reference standard.

    Main Results:

    • Most 3D surface profile parameters showed significant degeneration-dependent differences and correlations.
    • Parameters were valuable for assessing surface integrity, except in severe degeneration.
    • Early degenerative and healthy cartilage could not be reliably differentiated.
    • Scan area size influenced parameter values.

    Conclusions:

    • 3D surface profile parameters can adequately assess cartilage surface integrity.
    • Combined use of parameters enhances diagnostic performance.
    • OCT-based surface assessment can complement standard arthroscopy.