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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Deep Proteome Profiling by Isobaric Labeling, Extensive Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, and Software-assisted Quantification
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Genomic variability and protein species - Improving sequence coverage for proteogenomics.

Rainer Bischoff1, Hjalmar Permentier2, Victor Guryev3

  • 1Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Proteomics
|September 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein heterogeneity arises from genetic and transcriptomic variations. Integrating genomics and transcriptomics with proteomics reveals protein variability and species, enhancing personalized medicine insights.

Keywords:
DNA/RNA sequencingGenomicsMass spectrometryProteogenomicsProteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics
  • Genomics
  • Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Protein heterogeneity is influenced by biological regulatory mechanisms.
  • Genetic variability and transcriptional modulation significantly contribute to protein diversity.
  • Understanding protein variability is crucial for personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the integration of genomic and transcriptomic data with proteomics.
  • To explore how customized protein sequence databases aid in understanding protein variability.
  • To highlight challenges and strategies in linking DNA/RNA variability to protein species.

Main Methods:

  • Generating customized protein sequence databases using genomic and transcriptomic data.
  • Employing DNA/RNA sequencing for single nucleotide resolution.
  • Integrating multi-omics data (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics).

Main Results:

  • Genetic and transcriptomic variability is a major driver of protein variability.
  • Many protein species remain undescribed at the protein level.
  • Current proteomics methods have limitations in sequence coverage, hindering the capture of full proteome complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating genomic and proteomic data is a key trend in proteomics.
  • Addressing challenges in proteomics methodology, such as incomplete sequence coverage, is essential.
  • Improved strategies are needed to fully capture protein variability and its link to genetic variation.