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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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[Gambling disorder in Japan].

Hitoshi Tanabe

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |September 24, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Gambling disorder, a psychiatric condition, is prevalent in Japan due to popular games like pachinko. Group therapy and self-help are recommended for recovery and improved quality of life.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Addiction Studies

    Context:

    • Gambling disorder is increasingly recognized as a significant public health issue.
    • Its classification alongside substance use disorders in the DSM-5 highlights shared neurobiological mechanisms, particularly reward system activation.
    • Japan exhibits a high prevalence, influenced by the popularity of slot machines and pachinko.

    Purpose:

    • To explore the characteristics and prevalence of gambling disorder.
    • To understand the neurobiological parallels between gambling disorder and substance use disorders.
    • To recommend effective treatment strategies for individuals with gambling disorder in Japan.

    Summary:

    • Gambling disorder involves persistent, problematic gambling behavior leading to impaired functioning and reduced quality of life.

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  • The disorder shares similarities with substance use disorders, activating the brain's reward pathways.
  • High prevalence in Japan is linked to the widespread accessibility of games like pachinko and slot machines.
  • Group psychotherapy and self-help groups, such as Gamblers Anonymous, are suggested as effective interventions.
  • These group dynamics facilitate acknowledgment of gambling-related harms and foster belief in a life without gambling.

    • Impact:

    • Provides insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of addictive behaviors.
    • Highlights the need for targeted interventions in regions with high gambling prevalence.
    • Emphasizes the efficacy of group-based therapeutic approaches for addiction recovery.