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Related Concept Videos

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

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Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

An Externally-Heated Diamond Anvil Cell for Synthesis and Single-Crystal Elasticity Determination of Ice-VII at High Pressure-Temperature Conditions
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Proposal for a room-temperature diamond maser.

Liang Jin1, Matthias Pfender2, Nabeel Aslam2

  • 1Department of Physics and Centre for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.

Nature Communications
|September 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new room-temperature maser using nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond is proposed. This solid-state maser offers a long spin lifetime and high efficiency, potentially enabling advanced microwave technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Masers typically require extreme conditions like high vacuum or low temperatures, limiting their practical applications.
  • Existing solid-state masers face challenges with short electron spin lifetimes at room temperature, hindering continuous operation.
  • Pentacene spins in p-terphenyl crystals enable masing but only in pulsed mode due to limited spin lifetimes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel room-temperature solid-state maser design.
  • To leverage the properties of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for maser applications.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of a continuous-wave, room-temperature maser.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as the maser emitter.
  • Exploiting the exceptionally long spin lifetime (approx. 5 ms) of NV centers at room temperature.
  • Employing high optical pumping efficiency (approx. 10^6 s^-1) for population inversion.
  • Performing numerical simulations to assess maser performance under specific conditions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated feasibility of a room-temperature maser based on NV centers in diamond.
  • Achieved the longest known solid-state spin lifetime at room temperature (approx. 5 ms).
  • Simulations predict a maser coherence time of minutes under accessible conditions (Q-factor ~5x10^4, diamond size ~3x3x0.5 mm^3, pump power <10 W).

Conclusions:

  • Room-temperature masers based on diamond NV centers are feasible.
  • This technology offers significant advantages over existing maser systems.
  • The proposed diamond maser could revolutionize various microwave technologies.