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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genetic Screens02:46

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
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Polygenic Traits01:18

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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
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Genomic approaches to studying human-specific developmental traits.

Lucía F Franchini1, Katherine S Pollard2

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428, Argentina franchini@dna.uba.ar katherine.pollard@gladstone.ucsf.edu.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|September 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Understanding human development and disease requires studying genetic changes. New tools allow scientists to investigate how human-specific genome alterations impact developmental genes and traits in human cells.

Keywords:
ChimpanzeeEmbryonic cellsEvolutionGenomesPhenotypic

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Species-specific traits arise from changes in developmental regulatory programs.
  • Investigating human developmental differences is difficult due to limited tools for human and primate embryonic cells.
  • Comparative genomics has revealed thousands of human-specific genetic alterations in developmental genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To link human-specific traits to developmental alterations.
  • To explore the functional impact of human-specific genome alterations on developmental gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics of human and non-human genomes.
  • Stem cell technologies.
  • Genome engineering techniques.
  • Genomic assays.

Main Results:

  • Identification of thousands of human-specific genome alterations in developmental genes and regulatory regions.
  • Development of methods to test the functional effects of these alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances enable the functional testing of human-specific genetic changes in human cells.
  • This research paves the way for understanding the genetic basis of human development and associated diseases.