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Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique
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Active mixing of complex fluids at the microscale.

Thomas J Ober1, Daniele Foresti1, Jennifer A Lewis2

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a new framework for designing active microfluidic mixers to efficiently homogenize complex fluids like yield stress fluids. The research enables precise control over material composition in 3D printing applications.

Keywords:
3D printinggraded materialsmicrofluidic mixingyield stress fluids

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Microfluidics
  • Materials Science
  • 3D Printing

Background:

  • Mixing complex fluids at low Reynolds number is crucial for applications in materials assembly, microfluidics, and biomedical devices.
  • Yield stress fluids and gels present significant mixing challenges, particularly in small volumes and over short timescales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scalable framework for designing active microfluidic mixers capable of efficiently homogenizing diverse complex fluids.
  • To enable precise control over local composition in multimaterial 3D printing using viscoelastic inks.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation and experimental verification of new scaling relationships between microfluidic mixer dimensions and operating conditions.
  • Design and implementation of active mixing printheads for multimaterial 3D printing.

Main Results:

  • Established a predictive framework for active microfluidic mixer design.
  • Demonstrated efficient homogenization of complex fluids, including yield stress fluids.
  • Achieved programmable control of local composition in 3D printed viscoelastic inks.

Conclusions:

  • The developed scaling relationships provide a robust design methodology for active microfluidic mixers.
  • This work advances the capabilities of 3D printing complex materials with controlled compositions.