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Coccidioidomycosis: Recent Updates

Meryl Twarog1, George R Thompson1

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Davis, California.

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|September 24, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection, presents diverse clinical forms, from asymptomatic cases to severe disseminated disease. Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is common and increasing, with chronic infections causing most severe outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Coccidioidomycosis presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic infection to life-threatening disseminated disease.
  • Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is the most frequent clinical form, with increasing incidence.
  • Chronic infections, occurring in 3-5% of patients, account for nearly all coccidioidomycosis morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ecology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and current treatment options for coccidioidomycosis.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on coccidioidomycosis.
  • Information on ecology, epidemiology, disease presentation, and treatment was compiled.

Main Results:

  • Coccidioidomycosis exhibits diverse clinical presentations, including asymptomatic infection, primary pulmonary disease, and disseminated forms.
  • Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is a significant cause of community-acquired pneumonia in endemic areas.
  • Chronic pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations are associated with severe disease and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Coccidioidomycosis is an increasingly prevalent endemic mycosis with a wide range of clinical outcomes.
  • Understanding its ecology, epidemiology, and varied manifestations is crucial for effective management.
  • Current treatment strategies aim to manage acute and chronic forms of the disease.

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