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A non-equilibrium state diagram for liquid/fluid/particle mixtures
1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. velankar@pitt.edu.
Soft Matter
|September 25, 2015
Summary
This study introduces a unified non-equilibrium state diagram for ternary liquid/fluid/particle systems. It reveals universal features governing diverse morphologies like Pickering emulsions and foams, based on particle wettability and fluid interactions.
Area of Science:
- Colloid and Surface Science
- Materials Science
- Soft Matter Physics
Background:
- Ternary oil/water/surfactant systems use triangular diagrams for equilibrium states.
- Ternary liquid/fluid/particle systems exhibit diverse non-equilibrium morphologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To unify diverse non-equilibrium morphologies in ternary liquid/fluid/particle systems using a novel state diagram.
- To identify universal features governing these systems.
Main Methods:
- Transplanting equilibrium triangular composition diagrams to non-equilibrium systems.
- Developing a triangular prism state diagram based on particle wettability, capillarity, and viscous forces.
- Classifying morphologies within the state diagram.
Main Results:
- A unified non-equilibrium state diagram, in the form of a triangular prism, is proposed.
- Morphologies like Pickering emulsions, bijels, and foams are classified within this diagram.
- Particle wettability, capillarity, and viscous forces are identified as key factors determining morphology.
Conclusions:
- Ternary liquid/fluid/particle systems share universal features, enabling unified description.
- The proposed non-equilibrium state diagram provides a framework for understanding diverse particle-fluid morphologies.
- Factors like mixing intensity and interparticle attractions can influence the state diagram and resulting morphologies.
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