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Factors associated with poor CD4 and viral load outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS

Imran Ahmed Syed1,2, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman1, Mohammad Azmi Hassali1

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti SainsMalaysia (USM), Malaysia.

Journal of Medical Virology
|September 25, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Suboptimal control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) impacts patient outcomes. Adverse drug reactions and comorbidities significantly worsen immune and viral suppression in patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Suboptimal viral suppression and CD4 response to highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) are linked to adverse outcomes and increased healthcare costs.
  • Understanding factors influencing treatment control is crucial for improving patient management in Malaysia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess factors associated with suboptimal control of HIV/AIDS among patients on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Malaysia.
  • To identify predictors of poor immunological and virological outcomes in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 406 HIV/AIDS patients on ART for at least three months at medication therapy adherence clinics (MTAC).
  • Data collected included CD4 cell counts, viral load, socio-demographics, adverse drug reactions, comorbidities, and medication records.
  • Statistical analysis performed using SPSS version 18 and STATA IC version 12.

Main Results:

  • Higher CD4 counts observed in patients aged 41-50, females, those of other ethnicities, and individuals with no formal education.
  • Patients experiencing adverse effects had a 2.28-fold increased risk of poor CD4 control.
  • Patients with comorbidities had a 2.46-fold increased risk of mild viral suppression.

Conclusions:

  • Adverse drug reactions and comorbidities are significantly associated with poor immunological and virological outcomes in HIV/AIDS patients on ART.
  • Further comprehensive evaluations are needed to elucidate other potential confounding factors influencing treatment control.

Keywords:
CD4 outcomesHIV & AIDSanti-retroviral therapyfactors associatedviral suppression

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