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Related Concept Videos

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Thiazide diuretics are sulfonamide derivatives featuring a benzothiadiazine ring system in their molecular structure. Based on this structure, thiazide diuretics can be categorized into two groups: thiazide-type and thiazide-like diuretics. Thiazide-type diuretics, including hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide, consist of a benzothiadiazine backbone with an attached sulfonamide group. Thiazide-like diuretics, such as chlorthalidone and indapamide, lack the thiazide ring but demonstrate...
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Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

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Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
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Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations,  while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and...
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Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:    
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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
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[Chlorhexidine – history, mechanism and risks].

Ayhan Yildirim1, Philipp Metzler, Heinz-Theo Lübbers

  • 1Clinique et policlinique de chirurgie buccale et maxillo-faciale, Centre de médecine dentaire de l'Université de Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

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Summary

Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic antibacterial agent used to prevent bacterial growth on skin and mucosa. While effective for gingivitis and wound cleaning, it may cause tooth discoloration and increased tartar.

Keywords:
Digluconate de chlorhexidine

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Context:

  • Chlorhexidine is a widely prescribed antiseptic antibacterial agent.
  • It is utilized in various medical and dental applications, including gingivitis treatment, wound care, and pre-procedural hand hygiene.

Purpose:

  • To summarize the properties, applications, and potential side effects of Chlorhexidine.
  • To provide an overview of Chlorhexidine's mechanism of action and contraindications.

Summary:

  • Chlorhexidine effectively inhibits bacterial growth on skin and mucosal surfaces.
  • Its applications include oral rinses for gingivitis, skin antisepsis, and hand sanitization.
  • The medication functions by disrupting bacterial cell membranes, leading to cell death or inhibited growth.

Impact:

  • Provides essential information for healthcare professionals and patients regarding Chlorhexidine use.
  • Highlights the importance of considering hypersensitivity and potential adverse effects like tooth discoloration and tartar increase.