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The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

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Group Psychotherapy in Israel: History and Main Trends.

Ravit Raufman¹, Ronit Nesher², Haim Weinberg³

¹Clinical psychologist and group therapist at the Graduate School of Creative Art Therapy, University of Haifa, Israel.

International Journal of Group Psychotherapy

|September 25, 2015

Summary

In Israel, a society shaped by historical persecution and ongoing threats, a strong sense of belonging enhances social cohesion, particularly during wartime. This unique context has fostered the growth of specialized group dynamics and therapies.

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Area of Science:

Sociology
Psychology
Middle Eastern Studies

Background:

Israel's establishment followed centuries of Jewish persecution, creating a society with a unique sense of belonging.
The nation experiences persistent threats of war and terror, contributing to a collective societal trauma.
Historical trauma, such as the Holocaust, combined with ongoing conflicts, has significantly influenced social dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the multifaceted meaning of belonging in Israel.
To examine how historical and contemporary threats shape social cohesiveness and group dynamics.
To understand the flourishing of group therapy within the Israeli context.

Main Methods:

Qualitative analysis of societal factors influencing belonging.
Review of historical and contemporary socio-political contexts.
Examination of the link between societal trauma and group phenomena.

Main Results:

Threats intensify social cohesiveness in Israel, especially during wartime.
Existential, political, and ideological dilemmas arise from continuous threats.
The prevalence of trauma has spurred the development of specialized group approaches.

Conclusions:

The sense of belonging in Israel is deeply intertwined with its unique history of persecution and ongoing security challenges.
Societal trauma has paradoxically fostered strong social bonds and a unique environment for group therapy.
Group therapy in Israel is notably prominent, likely due to these specific societal conditions.