Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

1.9K
Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
1.9K
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

2.0K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
2.0K
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

1.2K
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
1.2K
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

68
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
68
Biological Influences on Intelligence01:30

Biological Influences on Intelligence

672
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter...
672
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

848
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
848

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Structural features of the hippocampus covary with memory-guided attention depending on the side of hippocampal sclerosis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Interoception and allostatic load after stroke: A scoping review.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026
Same author

Shaping bodily self-awareness through thermosensory signals.

Trends in cognitive sciences·2025
Same author

Proprioception as a sensory root for body and motor awareness.

Brain communications·2025
Same author

The adamant adherence to a prior belief: the case of anosognosia in anorexia nervosa.

Frontiers in neurology·2025
Same author

Thermosensory cues influence bodily awareness.

Temperature (Austin, Tex.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

15.8K

Does apolipoprotein E genotype influence cognition in middle-aged individuals?

Gerardo Salvato1

  • 1aDepartment of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia bCognitive Neuropsychology Centre, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milano cNeuroMi, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Italy.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|September 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE ε4) genotype does not show a consistent effect on cognition in middle-aged adults. Research indicates varied impacts on cognitive functions, particularly memory, necessitating further investigation into influencing factors.

More Related Videos

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status
07:08

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

Published on: October 20, 2016

8.4K
A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
09:37

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging

Published on: July 14, 2016

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

15.8K
A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status
07:08

A High Throughput, Multiplexed and Targeted Proteomic CSF Assay to Quantify Neurodegenerative Biomarkers and Apolipoprotein E Isoforms Status

Published on: October 20, 2016

8.4K
A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
09:37

A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging

Published on: July 14, 2016

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE ε4) allele is a known risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
  • APOE ε4 may influence cognitive performance in younger and older individuals who carry the allele.
  • Understanding the APOE ε4 genotype's impact on cognition in mid-life is crucial for early detection and intervention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the effect of the APOE ε4 genotype on cognition in middle-aged populations.
  • To investigate whether the APOE ε4 genotype influences cognitive performance in individuals aged 40-60.
  • To present a summary of findings regarding APOE ε4 and mid-life cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies examining APOE ε4 genotype and cognitive function in middle-aged adults.
  • Analysis of findings related to various cognitive domains, with a focus on memory.
  • Synthesis of results to identify trends and discrepancies in the existing research.

Main Results:

  • Recent findings do not reveal a clear cognitive signature associated with the APOE ε4 genotype in mid-life.
  • Studies have reported inconsistent effects, including positive, negative, and null associations with cognitive functions.
  • Memory performance, in particular, has shown varied responses to the presence of the APOE ε4 allele.

Conclusions:

  • Discrepancies in results may stem from methodological limitations in current studies.
  • Future research should utilize narrower age ranges and broader education level ranges for participants.
  • More sensitive cognitive tasks and consideration of interactions with other risk factors and genetic variants are needed to fully elucidate the APOE genotype's effect on cognition.