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Time of year, age class and body condition predict Hendra virus infection in Australian black flying foxes (Pteropus alecto).

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Landscape Utilisation, Animal Behaviour and Hendra Virus Risk.

H E Field1,2, C S Smith3, C E de Jong3

  • 1Queensland Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, QLD, 4108, Australia. hume.field@ecohealthalliance.org.

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Flying-foxes (Pteropid bats) may transmit Hendra virus to horses through contact with urine, feces, or saliva. Understanding bat and horse behavior and landscape use is key to preventing equine exposure and disease spread.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Wildlife Ecology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hendra virus causes fatal disease in horses and humans in Australia.
  • Pteropid bats (flying-foxes) are the natural reservoir hosts.
  • The transmission route from flying-foxes to horses remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate landscape utilization by flying-foxes and horses using GPS data loggers.
  • To assess potential equine exposure risks to Hendra virus.
  • To explore the role of animal behavior and landscape use in virus transmission dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized GPS data logger technology to track black flying-foxes and horses.
  • Analyzed landscape utilization patterns and foraging behavior of flying-foxes.
  • Examined diurnal and nocturnal grazing behavior of horses.

Main Results:

  • Flying-fox foraging behavior was repetitious, with a preference for fragmented landscapes and non-native plants near rural infrastructure.
  • Horses showed significant variations in diurnal and nocturnal grazing behavior.
  • No significant individual horse movement behavior linked to direct risk was identified in this preliminary study.

Conclusions:

  • Observed flying-fox and horse behaviors suggest potential opportunities for Hendra virus transmission.
  • Further investigation into animal behavior and landscape utilization is warranted to understand transmission dynamics.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for mitigating Hendra virus risk in equine populations.