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Support for linguistic macrofamilies from weighted sequence alignment.

Gerhard Jäger1

  • 1Department of Linguistics, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany gerhard.jaeger@uni-tuebingen.de.

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Computational phylogenetics is revolutionizing historical linguistics by analyzing raw phonetic data. This new method supports macrofamilies like Nostratic/Eurasiatic, offering insights into language evolution.

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cultural evolutionhistorical linguisticslinguistic macrofamiliesmass lexical comparisonphylogenetic methods

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Area of Science:

  • Computational linguistics
  • Historical linguistics
  • Phylogenetics

Background:

  • Computational phylogenetics is transforming historical linguistics.
  • Current methods are limited to single language families due to data requirements.
  • A new approach is needed for broader language family analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel computational method for analyzing diverse language families.
  • To investigate phonetic and lexical changes across a large dataset of languages.
  • To test the validity of proposed macrofamilies using phylogenetic inference.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing raw phonetic transcriptions of core vocabulary items.
  • Applying weighted string alignment to track phonetic and lexical change.
  • Employing phylogenetic inference on data from ~1,000 Eurasian languages and dialects.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a language classification highly consistent with established historical linguistics findings.
  • Provided strong statistical support for several contested macrofamilies.
  • Identified a significant signal supporting the Nostratic/Eurasiatic macrofamily.

Conclusions:

  • The new method effectively analyzes diverse language families without expert cognacy judgments.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of phonetic data supports macrofamily hypotheses.
  • The study offers robust evidence for the Nostratic/Eurasiatic macrofamily.