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Brain-volume changes in young and middle-aged smokers: a DARTEL-based voxel-based morphometry study.

Peng Peng1, Zhenchang Wang1, Tao Jiang2

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|September 26, 2015
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Summary

Smoking is linked to reduced grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) brain volumes in young and middle-aged men. Higher lifetime tobacco consumption (pack-years) correlates with more significant volume reductions in specific brain areas.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Previous research indicates smoking impacts brain volume.
  • However, detailed analysis of grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume differences based on lifetime tobacco consumption (pack-years) in young and middle-aged male smokers is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain volume changes in young and middle-aged male smokers.
  • To determine if increased pack-years smoking is associated with reduced GM and WM volume.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3T MRI and Diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie algebra (DARTEL)-based voxel-based morphometry.
  • Compared brain volumes of 53 male smokers (categorized into light and heavy based on pack-years) with 53 male non-smokers.
  • Employed analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with pack-years as a covariate to analyze smoker vs. non-smoker differences.

Main Results:

  • Both light and heavy smokers exhibited smaller GM and WM volumes compared to non-smokers, with greater reductions observed in heavy smokers.
  • Key affected GM areas included the superior temporal gyrus, insula, middle occipital gyrus, posterior cingulate, and precuneus.
  • Affected WM areas included the posterior cingulate, thalamus, and midbrain.
  • ANCOVA revealed a negative correlation between pack-years and the volume of certain GM and WM regions.

Conclusions:

  • Young and middle-aged male smokers demonstrate reduced volumes in multiple brain areas compared to non-smokers.
  • The correlation between pack-years and volume reduction varied across different brain regions.
  • These findings suggest potentially diverse pathophysiological roles of smoking in the brain.