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Microneedles from Fishscale-Nanocellulose Blends Using Low Temperature Mechanical Press Method.

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Fish scale biopolymer blended with nanocellulose crystals creates advanced microneedles. This blend enhances stability and controls dissolution, offering improved properties for microneedle applications.

Keywords:
biomaterialsbiopolymercellulosedrug deliveryfish scalemicromoldingmicroneedlesnanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Fish scale biopolymer (FSBP) is a sustainable material for biomedical applications.
  • Nanocellulose crystals (NC) offer unique properties for material enhancement.
  • Microneedles are emerging as a key technology for drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of nanocellulose on the microfabrication, water absorption, moisture stability, and mechanical properties of fish scale biopolymer-based microneedles.
  • To evaluate the potential of FSBP-NC blends for controlled dissolution microneedle production.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical press microfabrication was employed to produce microneedles from FSBP and FSBP-NC blends.
  • Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was used to analyze material interactions.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to assess nanocellulose dispersion.
  • Water absorption and dissolution tests were conducted to evaluate stability and performance.

Main Results:

  • Microneedle production from FSBP-NC required a higher micromolding temperature (80 ± 5 °C) compared to FSBP (50 ± 5 °C).
  • Addition of NC to FSBP films resulted in lower elongation and higher tensile stress.
  • FSBP-NC films demonstrated significant water absorption (up to 300% and 234% of their weight) and prevented complete dissolution, unlike FSBP films which dissolved within 1 minute.
  • FTIR and SEM confirmed interactions between FSBP and NC, and good dispersion of NC within the FSBP matrix.

Conclusions:

  • Nanocellulose incorporation enhances the mechanical properties and moisture stability of fish scale biopolymer microneedles.
  • FSBP-NC blends offer a promising route for developing microneedles with controlled dissolution rates.
  • The developed microneedles show potential for applications requiring prolonged stability and tunable drug release.