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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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T-cell receptor profiling in cancer.

Ilan Kirsch1, Marissa Vignali1, Harlan Robins2

  • 1Adaptive Biotechnologies, Seattle, WA, USA.

Molecular Oncology
|September 26, 2015
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Summary

Immunosequencing precisely analyzes B- and T-cells for immune-oncology applications. This technology tracks clonal lymphocytes, aiding in disease assessment and treatment response prediction.

Keywords:
Ig/TCR sequence biomarkersImmunosequencingLymphoid clonality assessment/tracking

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Immunosequencing is a powerful platform technology for analyzing B- and T-cell populations.
  • It enables detailed assessment and tracking of clonal lymphocytes within biological samples.
  • The technology is crucial for advancing the field of immune-oncology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the applications of immunosequencing in immune-oncology.
  • To highlight its role in assessing residual disease and predicting treatment responses.
  • To explore its utility in various immunological contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Bias-controlled multiplex PCR
  • High-throughput sequencing
  • Quantitative analysis of lymphocyte clones

Main Results:

  • Immunosequencing provides accurate, standardized, and sensitive enumeration and quantification of B- and T-cells.
  • It allows for tracking of specific lymphocyte clones over time and across tissues.
  • The review presents evidence for its utility in diverse immune-related applications.

Conclusions:

  • Immunosequencing is an essential analytical tool for immune-oncology.
  • Its applications span from lymphoid malignancy assessment to solid tumor immunotherapy response prediction.
  • The technology is valuable for studying vaccination, infectious diseases, bone marrow reconstitution, autoimmunity, and population-based immune responses.