Histomorphological Patterns of Endometrium in Infertility

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Gynecologic Pathology

Background:

• The endometrium reflects ovarian function, making endometrial biopsy crucial for infertility investigations.
• Understanding endometrial histomorphology is vital for diagnosing infertility causes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate histomorphological patterns of the endometrium in infertile women.
• To compare findings with existing Indian studies on infertility.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 2,080 infertile women.
• Hematoxylin-eosin staining of endometrial biopsy sections.
• Comparison of observed patterns with data from other Indian studies.

Main Results:

• Anovulatory endometrium (15.75%) and inadequate secretory endometrium (9.52%) were significant findings.
• Other observed abnormalities included glandulo-stromal disparity (4.21%) and endometritis (1.63%).
• Primary infertility constituted the majority (88.50%) of cases, predominantly in the 21-30 age group.

Conclusions:

• Anovulatory endometrium and luteal phase defect are identified as major contributors to infertility.
• Tuberculous endometritis, non-specific endometritis, and glandulo-stromal disparity are minor, treatable factors.
• Premenstrual endometrial biopsy provides a reliable diagnosis of hormonal dysfunction and intrinsic endometrial factors in infertility.