Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
Published on: July 19, 2016
Numerical analysis of the effect of side holes of a double J stent on flow rate and pattern
Kyung-Wuk Kim1, Young Ho Choi2, Seung Bae Lee3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-Ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-743, Korea.
Abstract:
A double J stent has been used widely these days for patients with a ureteral stenosis or with renal stones and lithotripsy. The stent has multiple side holes in the shaft, which supply detours for urine flow. Even though medical companies produce various forms of double J stents that have different numbers and positions of side holes in the stent, the function of side holes in fluid dynamics has not been studied well. Here, the flow rate and pattern around the side holes of a double J stent were evaluated in curved models of a stented ureter based on the human anatomy and straight models for comparison. The total flow rate was higher in the stent with a greater number of side holes. The inflow and outflow to the stent through the side holes in the curved ureter was more active than in the straight ureter, which means the flow through side holes exists even in the ureter without ureteral stenosis or occlusion and even in the straight ureter. When the diameter of the ureter changed, the in-stent flow rate in the ureter did not change and the extraluminal flow rate was higher in the ureter with a greater diameter.
Related Concept Videos
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow II
The distance to reach a fully developed flow is called the entrance length and depends on the...
Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Normal to a Streamline
The pressure difference depends on the fluid's velocity and radius of curvature. The pressure variation is minimal in flows with nearly straight streamlines. However, the...
General Characteristics of Pipe Flow I
The classification of fluid...

