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Related Concept Videos

DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

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In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
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Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Transposon Mediated Integration of Plasmid DNA into the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Mice to Generate Novel Models of Glioblastoma
10:58

Transposon Mediated Integration of Plasmid DNA into the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Mice to Generate Novel Models of Glioblastoma

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Genomic DNA transposition induced by human PGBD5.

Anton G Henssen1, Elizabeth Henaff2, Eileen Jiang1

  • 1Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States.

Elife
|September 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Human PGBD5 protein drives DNA transposition, a cut-and-paste mechanism similar to piggyBac transposons. This mobile genetic element activity occurs genome-wide, suggesting a role in genomic remodeling.

Keywords:
DNA transpositionchromosomesgenesgenome remodelinghumanrecombination

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gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair
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gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair

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piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells
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piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Transposon Mediated Integration of Plasmid DNA into the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Mice to Generate Novel Models of Glioblastoma
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Transposon Mediated Integration of Plasmid DNA into the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Mice to Generate Novel Models of Glioblastoma

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gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair
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gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair

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piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells
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piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells

Published on: November 5, 2012

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Transposons are mobile genetic elements present in most organisms.
  • Human transposase-derived genes are not well understood.
  • PGBD5 is the most conserved transposable element-derived gene in vertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the human PGBD5 gene product.
  • To determine if PGBD5 exhibits DNA transposition activity in human cells.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed PGBD5 protein activity in human cells.
  • Analyzed PGBD5's requirement for specific amino acid residues and DNA sequences.
  • Performed genome-wide analysis of PGBD5 transposition events.

Main Results:

  • Human PGBD5 protein induces cut-and-paste DNA transposition.
  • PGBD5 transposition requires specific aspartic acid residues and piggyBac-like inverted terminal repeats.
  • Transposition occurs genome-wide with precise excision and insertion at TTAA sites.

Conclusions:

  • PGBD5 possesses DNA transposition activity in human cells.
  • The conserved nature of PGBD5 suggests a role in genomic remodeling.