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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Subsequent T...
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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
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Secondary antibody deficiencies.

Fatima Dhalla1, Siraj A Misbah

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|September 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Secondary antibody deficiency arises from various causes, including certain cancers and new therapies. Prompt monitoring and treatment with antibiotics or immunoglobulin replacement are crucial for at-risk patients experiencing infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antibody deficiency is a critical condition, stemming from primary genetic defects or secondary factors.
  • Understanding secondary causes is vital for timely diagnosis and management of immune compromise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the diverse causes of secondary antibody deficiency.
  • To summarize evidence supporting the use of prophylactic replacement immunoglobulin therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on secondary antibody deficiency.
  • Analysis of iatrogenic causes linked to advancing immune-mediated and B-cell-targeted therapies.
  • Evaluation of clinical data on prophylactic immunoglobulin replacement.

Main Results:

  • Therapeutic advancements, including monoclonal antibodies and B-cell-targeted drugs, are increasing iatrogenic causes of antibody deficiency.
  • Secondary antibody deficiency is associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (e.g., chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma), protein-losing conditions, lymphatic circulation issues, and accelerated immunoglobulin breakdown.

Conclusions:

  • Patients at risk require vigilant monitoring for hypogammaglobulinemia and assessment of B-cell function.
  • Management strategies include prophylactic antibiotics and/or immunoglobulin replacement for patients with significant infection burdens.
  • Early identification and intervention are key to mitigating the impact of secondary antibody deficiency.