Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

739
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
739
Sensory Memory01:14

Sensory Memory

912
Sensory memory captures information from the environment in its original form for a very brief duration, just long enough to be exposed to visual, auditory, and other senses. This type of memory is detailed and rich but quickly lost unless certain strategies are employed to transfer it into short-term or long-term memory. Sensory information is continuously bombarding the human brain, yet only a small fraction is absorbed, as most of it does not significantly impact daily life. For instance,...
912
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.9K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.9K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

2.3K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
2.3K
Vision01:24

Vision

61.5K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
61.5K
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

2.6K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Convergence of Theories of Mind and Brain.

Computational brain & behavior·2026
Same author

The perceptual average in ensemble representation: Neither perceptual nor an average.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2025
Same author

Visual short-term memory, culture, and image structure.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2025
Same author

Dynamic modulation of spatial selection: Online and anticipatory adjustments in the flanker task.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2025
Same author

Keep your finger on the pulse: Better rate perception and gap detection with vibrotactile compared to visual stimuli.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2023
Same author

Randomized controlled trial of a prenatal focused coparenting consultation for unmarried black fathers and mothers: One-year infant and family outcomes.

Infant mental health journal·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

7.6K

Obligatory and adaptive averaging in visual short-term memory.

Chad Dubé, Robert Sekuler

    Journal of Vision
    |September 26, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Visual memory relies on averaged perceptual data, influencing recognition even without explicit instruction. This reliance increases when memory is strained or uncertain.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Neuroscience
    • Visual Perception

    Background:

    • Visual memory often utilizes averaged perceptual representations.
    • This reliance may be adaptive and obligatory, impacting cognitive processes.
    • Previous research suggests summary statistics influence visual short-term memory.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review evidence demonstrating how averaged perceptual representations influence visual memory.
    • To investigate the conditions under which reliance on these averages is amplified.
    • To explore the neural underpinnings of perceptual averaging's influence on memory.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing evidence on visual memory and perceptual averaging.
    • Fine-grained measures of visual short-term memory retrieval.

    More Related Videos

    Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
    07:12

    Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

    Published on: April 11, 2025

    1.0K
    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
    13:00

    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

    Published on: January 23, 2017

    10.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

    Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
    06:46

    Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

    Published on: March 18, 2019

    7.6K
    Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
    07:12

    Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

    Published on: April 11, 2025

    1.0K
    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
    13:00

    Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

    Published on: January 23, 2017

    10.4K
  • Analysis of detection and recognition responses to visual stimuli.
  • Examination of memory performance under varying cognitive loads and uncertainty.

    • Main Results:

    • Time- and space-averaged memory representations demonstrably influence detection and recognition.
    • Reliance on perceptual averages is heightened when memory resources are taxed.
    • Increased uncertainty regarding memory fidelity also elevates reliance on averages.
    • Identification of contexts where perceptual averaging exerts maximal influence.

    Conclusions:

    • Visual memory is significantly shaped by stored perceptual averages, often unconsciously.
    • Cognitive load and memory uncertainty are key factors modulating the use of these averages.
    • Understanding these mechanisms offers insights into visual short-term memory models and neural correlates.