Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

734
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
734

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring the Effect of a Wavy Sea Surface on NLOS-UOWC Systems: A Novel Deterministic Approach.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Performance Evaluation of UOWC Systems from an Empirical Channel Model Approach for Air Bubble-Induced Scattering.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

On the scattering-induced fading for optical wireless links through seawater: statistical characterization and its applications.

Optics express·2021
Same author

Capacity of underwater optical wireless communication systems over salinity-induced oceanic turbulence channels with ISI.

Optics express·2021
Same author

Impact of angular pointing error on BER performance of underwater optical wireless links.

Optics express·2020
Same author

Secure communication for FSO links in the presence of eavesdropper with generic location and orientation.

Optics express·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

10.4K

Novel space-time trellis codes for free-space optical communications using transmit laser selection.

Antonio García-Zambrana, Rubén Boluda-Ruiz, Carmen Castillo-Vázquez

    Optics Express
    |September 26, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Novel space-time trellis codes (STTCs) with transmit laser selection (TLS) enhance free-space optical (FSO) communication systems. This approach improves diversity gain in turbulent and misaligned channels, boosting performance for MISO FSO systems.

    More Related Videos

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
    08:39

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

    Published on: January 28, 2019

    10.5K
    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    11.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
    09:43

    Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

    Published on: March 20, 2017

    10.4K
    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
    08:39

    Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

    Published on: January 28, 2019

    10.5K
    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    11.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Information Theory
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Free-space optical (FSO) systems face challenges from atmospheric turbulence and misalignment.
    • Intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) is a common FSO technique.
    • Diversity techniques are crucial for mitigating fading in FSO links.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce novel space-time trellis codes (STTCs) combined with transmit laser selection (TLS) for MISO FSO systems.
    • To enhance diversity order gain in FSO communication systems.
    • To analyze system performance under atmospheric turbulence and misalignment fading.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a new code design criterion using largest order statistics for TLS.
    • Utilized pairwise error probability (PEP) analysis.
    • Derived closed-form asymptotic bit error rate (BER) expressions for gamma-gamma (GG) turbulence and misalignment fading models.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved diversity orders of 2L and 3L with two-state and four-state STTCs, respectively.
    • Demonstrated improved performance under moderate-to-strong turbulence and pointing errors.
    • Validated analytical results through simulations.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed STTCs with TLS effectively improve the diversity order and BER performance of MISO FSO systems.
    • The largest order statistics criterion provides a robust method for laser selection.
    • The findings are significant for reliable FSO communication system design.