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Standing Waves in a Cavity

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

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Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

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Single-shot fluctuations in waveguided high-harmonic generation.

S J Goh, Y Tao, P J M van der Slot

|September 26, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study characterizes fluctuations in high-harmonic generation (HHG) using capillary waveguides. Ionization-induced nonlinear mode mixing is identified as the primary cause of these instabilities.

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Area of Science:

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
Laser Physics
Plasma Physics

Background:

Coherent soft x-ray (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation from high-harmonic generation (HHG) have potential applications.
Characterizing output parameters like energy fluctuations, pointing instabilities, and beam divergence is crucial for HHG applications.
Spatial coherence is often reduced by shot-to-shot fluctuations in HHG beams.

Purpose of the Study:

To perform the first single-shot measurements of waveguided HHG in a capillary geometry.
To characterize shot-to-shot fluctuations in pulse energy, divergence, and beam pointing for waveguided HHG.
To investigate the dependence of these fluctuations on drive laser pulse energy and gas pressure.

Main Methods:

Utilized a capillary waveguide filled with Argon gas as the nonlinear medium for HHG.
Performed single-shot measurements to capture pulse-to-pulse variations.
Conducted correlated measurements of drive laser and HHG beam profiles.

Main Results:

Successfully characterized shot-to-shot fluctuations in pulse energy, divergence, and pointing for waveguided HHG.
Demonstrated the absence of drive laser beam-pointing-induced fluctuations in the HHG output.
Identified ionization-induced nonlinear mode mixing as the main source of HHG fluctuations.

Conclusions:

Waveguided HHG in capillaries exhibits significant shot-to-shot fluctuations.
Drive laser pointing stability does not directly translate to HHG pointing stability in this setup.
Ionization dynamics within the waveguide are critical for understanding and mitigating HHG instabilities.