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Measuring the Switch Cost of Smartphone Use While Walking
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Changes in gait pattern during multitask using smartphones.

SoYeong Jeon, ChoRong Kim, SunHae Song

    Work (Reading, Mass.)
    |September 28, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Using smartphones while walking significantly alters gait patterns. Both dual-tasking and triple-tasking tasks led to decreased gait velocity and increased lateral deviation compared to single-task walking.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Mobile Technology Impact

    Background:

    • Smartphones are integral to daily life, with users frequently multitasking.
    • Simultaneous smartphone use and physical activity, like walking, are increasingly common.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze how performing multiple tasks while using smartphones affects gait patterns.
    • Investigate changes in spatiotemporal gait variables and lateral deviation during smartphone use.

    Main Methods:

    • 26 healthy adults participated in three walking conditions: single-task (no smartphone), dual-task (finding apps), and triple-task (finding apps, listening to, and answering questions).
    • Measured spatiotemporal gait variables and the degree of lateral deviation during each task.
    Keywords:
    Dual-taskgait analysisspatiotemporal parameterstriple-task

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    Last Updated: Apr 3, 2026

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    Main Results:

    • Significant differences in gait variables were observed between single-task and multi-task conditions (p < 0.05).
    • Gait velocity decreased by 33.49% (dual-task) and 41.69% (triple-task).
    • Lateral deviation increased by 119.18% (dual-task) and 122.67% (triple-task) compared to single-task walking.

    Conclusions:

    • Smartphone use while walking demonstrably alters gait.
    • Multitasking on smartphones significantly impacts walking stability and efficiency.