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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
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Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 3, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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Chronic Ankle Instability (Medial and Lateral).

Markus Knupp1, Tamara Horn Lang1, Lukas Zwicky1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kantonsspital Baselland, Rheinstrasse 26, Liestal CH-4410, Switzerland.

Clinics in Sports Medicine
|September 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Ankle ligament injuries are common in athletes and often treated conservatively. However, some cases progress to chronic ankle instability, necessitating surgical intervention for full recovery.

Keywords:
Ankle instabilityAnkle sprainLateral ankle ligamentsMedial ankle ligaments

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Ankle ligament injuries represent a significant cause of emergency room visits for athletes.
  • While many injuries heal with conservative management, a substantial percentage lead to long-term issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence and management of ankle ligament injuries in athletes.
  • To highlight the progression to chronic ankle instability and the need for surgical consideration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data on ankle injuries.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for conservative versus surgical approaches.
  • Evaluation of factors contributing to chronic ankle instability.

Main Results:

  • Ankle ligament injuries are highly prevalent in athletic populations.
  • Up to 40% of conservatively treated injuries may result in chronic ankle instability.
  • Surgical reconstruction is often required to restore function in persistent cases.

Conclusions:

  • Conservative treatment is effective for many ankle ligament injuries.
  • Chronic ankle instability is a common sequela in a significant minority of athletes.
  • Surgical reconstruction plays a crucial role in managing chronic ankle instability and restoring athletic function.