Paper-based chemical and biological sensors: Engineering aspects

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Paper-based sensors are gaining traction due to their low cost and ease of use.
• Research is increasingly focused on developing affordable diagnostic tools for underserved populations.
• Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) show significant advancements in performance and functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent developments in paper-based chemosensors and biosensors.
• To discuss the design, chemistry, and engineering of these devices.
• To highlight the potential of µPADs as a challenger to traditional biosensor technologies.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent scientific literature on paper-based sensors.
• Analysis of design principles and chemical methodologies.
• Examination of engineering aspects, including microfluidics and integration.

Main Results:

• Paper-based sensors achieve a favorable balance of performance, cost, and simplicity.
• µPADs demonstrate enhanced sensitivity, multi-functionality, and integration capabilities.
• These devices are becoming competitive with silicon, glass, and polymer-based biosensors.

Conclusions:

• Paper-based sensors, particularly µPADs, are a promising technology for accessible diagnostics.
• The advancements support their application in resource-limited settings and as alternatives to conventional biosensors.
• Continued research in design, chemistry, and engineering will further enhance their capabilities.