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Control of Chromatin Structure by Long Noncoding RNA.

Gudrun Böhmdorfer1, Andrzej T Wierzbicki1

  • 1University of Michigan, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Trends in Cell Biology
|September 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate genome activity by controlling chromatin structure, including nucleosome positioning and chromosome looping. These noncoding RNAs play a crucial role in epigenetic modifications across eukaryotes.

Keywords:
RNA Polymerase Vchromatin remodelingchromosome loopingnucleosome

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of genome activity.
  • lncRNA-mediated genome regulation through DNA methylation and histone modifications is established in plants, fungi, and animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize evidence on lncRNA's control of chromatin structure, including nucleosome positioning and chromosome looping.
  • To discuss plant lncRNA data in the context of other eukaryotes.
  • To explain mechanisms of lncRNA-controlled chromatin remodeling and its implications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research data.
  • Focus on experimental systems in plants.
  • Comparative analysis across eukaryotes.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs actively control chromatin structure beyond DNA methylation and histone modifications.
  • Evidence demonstrates lncRNA influence on nucleosome positioning and chromosome looping.
  • Functional interplay between noncoding transcription and chromatin remodelers is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are pivotal in shaping chromatin architecture.
  • The unique properties of RNA enable precise control over chromatin modifications and structure.
  • lncRNA-mediated chromatin regulation is a conserved mechanism across eukaryotes.