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Related Concept Videos

Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
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RNA Editing02:23

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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2D-HELS MS Seq: A General LC-MS-Based Method for Direct and de novo Sequencing of RNA Mixtures with Different Nucleotide Modifications
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'View From A Bridge': A New Perspective on Eukaryotic rRNA Base Modification.

Sunny Sharma1, Denis L J Lafontaine2

  • 1RNA Molecular Biology, FRS/FNRS, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041 Charleroi-Gosselies, Belgium.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|September 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Yeast ribosomes have 12 known RNA modifications, but their functions are unclear. A specific ribosomal protein may sense these modifications, suggesting allosteric communication during translation or ribosome assembly.

Keywords:
acetylationintersubunit bridgemethylationnucleolusprotein synthesisrRNA modificationribosome assemblytranslationyeast

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic ribosomal RNA (rRNA) undergoes frequent modifications, yet the functional significance of most remains unknown.
  • Budding yeast possesses nine rRNA base methyltransferases and one acetyltransferase, with emerging evidence of crosstalk with other RNA modifications.
  • A eukaryote-specific ribosomal protein (RP) bridges the large subunit (LSU) and contacts multiple rRNA base modifications at the subunit interface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of rRNA modifications in inter-subunit communication within the ribosome.
  • To explore the hypothesis that rRNA modifications act as allosteric effectors during translation or ribosome biogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of rRNA modifying enzymes in yeast.
  • Structural analysis of the ribosomal subunit interface, focusing on the eukaryote-specific bridge.
  • Investigating the interaction between the ribosomal protein bridge and rRNA modifications.

Main Results:

  • The study identified the key enzymes responsible for rRNA modifications in yeast.
  • A specific ribosomal protein was found to interact with four distinct rRNA base modifications across the subunit interface.
  • This interaction suggests a mechanism for sensing rRNA modifications.

Conclusions:

  • The identified ribosomal protein may function as a sensor for rRNA modifications.
  • This sensing mechanism could facilitate long-range allosteric communication between ribosomal subunits.
  • Such communication might be crucial for regulating translation or ensuring proper ribosome assembly.