[Sluggish cognitive tempo: an updated review].

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry
• Developmental Psychology

Background:

• Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) emerged from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) research.
• SCT is characterized by symptoms like drowsiness, daydreaming, and lethargy.
• Emerging evidence suggests SCT is a distinct construct from ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent literature on Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT).
• To examine the clinical characteristics, etiology, and comorbidity of SCT.
• To differentiate SCT from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of recently published papers on SCT.
• Analysis of clinical characteristics, associated symptoms, evaluation, prevalence, etiology, comorbidity, neuropsychological profiles, and treatment.
• Comparison of neurobiological models related to attention networks.

Main Results:

• SCT is increasingly recognized as a distinct cluster of symptoms separate from ADHD.
• SCT shows high external validity and is associated with internalizing symptoms.
• Evidence supports SCT being an attention disorder, with potential overlap with ADHD.

Conclusions:

• Different ADHD subtypes may relate to distinct attentional networks.
• SCT is linked to the attentional guidance network.
• SCT is an attention disorder distinct from ADHD, with approximately 50% comorbidity.