Demographic Characteristics of Type 1 Diabetic Children and Adolescents in Hamadan, Iran
Zahra Razavi1, Arezo Karimpourian2, Leila Moradi Aramian1
1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Insights
This study analyzed childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Iran, finding similar age and sex distributions globally but regional differences in seasonal variation and a high rate of family history. Hypothyroidism was the most common co-occurring endocrine disease.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Public Health
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent endocrine condition in children.
- Understanding demographic characteristics is crucial for early detection and management of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the demographic characteristics at presentation of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Hamadan, Iran.
- To analyze factors such as age, sex, living environment, and family history.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional descriptive study analyzed demographic data of 150 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Data collected included age, sex, urban/rural residence, season of diagnosis, parental consanguinity, maternal age at delivery, BMI, and family history.
- Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0, with p-value < 0.05 considered significant.
Main Results:
- The mean age at diagnosis was 8.47 years, with a peak presentation between 5.0 and 9.9 years. The male-to-female ratio was similar.
- The majority of patients (81.3%) resided in urban areas, and disease frequency was higher in summer (34%).
- A family history of type 1 diabetes was noted in 10.7% of cases, and 18.7% had parental consanguinity. Hypothyroidism was the most frequent co-occurring endocrine disease (13.33%).
Conclusions:
- Demographic characteristics regarding age and sex at diagnosis align with global reports for childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus.
- Significant regional differences were observed in seasonal variation compared to international data.
- The study highlights a relatively high frequency of family history and parental consanguinity, alongside a notable prevalence of co-occurring endocrine disorders, particularly hypothyroidism.
Background:
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in pediatric. We aimed to determine the demographic characteristics at presentation of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in Hamadan, west province of Iran.
Methods:
In this cross sectional descriptive study, demographic data of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus being followed up in Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic of Besat Hospital Hamedan Iran, were analyzed. A detailed record of the required information including the age, sex, Place of living(urban, rural), season, disease presentation, parental consanguinity (1st cousin relation),The mean mother's age at delivery, BMI ,birth seasonality and birth order were collected. The data was analyzed by standard statistical package SPSS, version 15.0. Results with p-value less than 0.05 were defined as statistically significant.
Results:
In total, 150 patients (85 boys) were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 8.47 (ranged from 2 months to 17.5 years). The peak age of presentation was 5.0 to 9.9 years. The overall male-to-female ratio of patients was similar. The majority of patients (81.3%) were urban. the frequency of disease was higher in summer (34%). BMI of 85.73% of cases was between 5th to 85th BMI percentiles. The frequency of a family history of type 1diabetes in first and second degree relatives was 10.7%. Among the studied patients, 18.7% had parental consanguinity. The mean mother's age at delivery of patients was 25.19 years. Of the studied patients, 82.7% were exclusively breastfeed during the first 6 months of life and 43% were the first child of family. About 13.33% had co -occurring endocrine disease.
Conclusions:
This study showed that age at diagnosis and sex of our patients was similar to the world reported. But, seasonal variation is different in our region. The frequency of a family history of type 1 diabetes in first and second degree relatives was relatively high. Hypothyroidism was the most frequently observed co-occurring endocrine disease.
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