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Microscale locomotion in a nematic liquid crystal.

Madison S Krieger1, Saverio E Spagnolie2, Thomas Powers3

  • 1School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. madison_krieger@brown.edu.

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|September 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study explores how fluid properties affect microorganism speed. We found that anisotropy and elasticity in nematic liquid crystals significantly influence microbial locomotion and fluid transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Microbiology
  • Soft matter physics

Background:

  • Microorganisms frequently navigate anisotropic environments like mucus and biofilms.
  • Understanding microbial locomotion in complex fluids is crucial for biological and technological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of fluid anisotropy and elasticity on microbial swimming speed.
  • To extend the classical Taylor swimming sheet model to anisotropic nematic liquid crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified Taylor swimming sheet model with small-amplitude traveling waves.
  • Analyzed swimmers in a three-dimensional nematic liquid crystal without twist.
  • Calculated swimming speed and volumetric flux based on swimmer and fluid properties.

Main Results:

  • Quantified swimming speed and entrained volumetric flux as functions of stroke properties and liquid crystal characteristics.
  • Compared results with analogous swimmers in hexatic liquid crystals, noting significant differences.
  • Identified critical conditions in nematic fluids affecting swimming behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Fluid anisotropy and elasticity critically influence microorganism speed and fluid displacement.
  • The study provides insights into microbial dynamics in complex liquid crystal environments.
  • A novel method for swimming or pumping in nematic fluids using director oscillations is proposed.