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Are white matter abnormalities associated with "unexplained dizziness"?

Hena Ahmad1, Niccolò Cerchiai2, Michelangelo Mancuso3

  • 1Academic Department of Neuro-otology, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|September 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
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Cerebral small vessel disease, indicated by white matter hyperintensities, is linked to unexplained dizziness in older adults. Severe lesions were more common in those with dizziness of unknown cause.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuro-otology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a known cause of imbalance and falls in the elderly.
  • The relationship between CSVD and dizziness, however, remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a marker of CSVD, and dizziness in elderly patients.
  • To determine if the severity of WMH differs between patients with explained and unexplained causes of dizziness.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 122 dizzy patients from neuro-otology centers.
  • Patients were categorized into 'explained' and 'unexplained' dizziness groups.
  • White matter hyperintensities (WMH) were assessed using the Fazekas scale on MRI scans.
Keywords:
Small vessel diseaseUnexplained dizzinessWhite matter hyperintensities

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • The overall frequency of WMH (Fazekas 1-3) differed significantly between the groups (p=0.011).
  • Severe WMH (Fazekas 3) were significantly more prevalent in the 'unexplained' dizziness group (22%) compared to the 'explained' group (5%; p=0.003).

Conclusions:

  • Increased severity of WMH is associated with unexplained dizziness in the elderly.
  • WMH may contribute to dizziness through perceived unsteadiness or disruption of brain networks involved in balance and vestibular processing.