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Analysis of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Ju Ryoung Moon1, Jinyoung Song2, June Huh2
1Grown-Up Congenital Heart Clinic, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Seoul, Korea.
Insights
Adults with surgically corrected congenital heart disease (ACHD) have increased cardiovascular risks like hypertension and diabetes. Those with cyanotic ACHD show lower risks, except for past smoking. Further research is needed for prevention guidelines.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) requires ongoing cardiovascular risk assessment.
- Understanding risk factor prevalence in ACHD is crucial for long-term management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze and compare cardiovascular risk factors in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) against a control group.
- To investigate differences in risk factors between surgically corrected ACHD and cyanotic ACHD patients.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving 135 ACHD patients (surgically corrected and cyanotic groups) and 135 healthy controls.
- Statistical analysis of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
Main Results:
- Surgically corrected ACHD patients exhibited significantly higher odds of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome compared to controls.
- Cyanotic ACHD patients showed lower odds for most risk factors, with the exception of past smoking.
- Adjusted odds ratios for metabolic syndrome were 1.48 in surgically corrected ACHD and 0.46 in cyanotic ACHD patients.
Conclusions:
- Cardiovascular risk factor monitoring is essential for surgically corrected ACHD patients.
- Long-term follow-up studies are necessary to establish preventive strategies for ACHD patients.
Background And Objectives:
The objective of this study was to analyze cardiovascular risk factors in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD).
Subjects And Methods:
The subjects for this study comprised 135 patients, aged 18 years and above, who visited the ACHD clinic at the Samsung Medical Center and 135 adults with a structurally normal heart who were randomly selected from the Center for Health Promotion during the same period. For the analysis, the ACHD group was further divided into an ACHD group that underwent correction by cardiac surgery and a cyanotic group.
Results:
The mean (standard diviation) age (years) of patients in the surgically corrected group was 48.4 (10.9) years, while that of patients in the cyanotic group was 43.1 (9.0) years and that of patients in the control group was 47.1 (10.3) years (p=0.042). The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for past smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in the surgically corrected patients than in the controls. However, the ORs for all variables excluding past smoking were significantly lower in the cyanotic group compared with the control group. After adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol use, and exercise, the ORs for metabolic syndrome were 0.46 (0.35-0.57, p<0.001) and 1.48 (1.14-1.92, p=0.003) in the cyanotic and surgically corrected groups, respectively.
Conclusion:
Cardiovascular risk factors need to be considered in surgically corrected ACHD patients as well as in adults with a structurally normal heart. A further study with a long-term follow-up is needed for developing guidelines for prevention.
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