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MAPPING ABNORMAL SUBCORTICAL BRAIN MORPHOMETRY IN AN ELDERLY HIV+ COHORT.

Benjamin S C Wade1, Victor G Valcour2, Lauren Wendelken-Riegelhaupt2

  • 1Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Proceedings. IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging
|September 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

HIV infection alters brain structure, causing significant changes in subcortical volumes and shapes, particularly in the thalamus and brainstem. These brain abnormalities correlate with disease progression markers like viral load and illness duration.

Keywords:
HIVMRIclassificationrandom forestregularizationshape analysissubcortical

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Over 50% of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience neurocognitive impairment and subcortical atrophy.
  • The precise pattern of brain abnormalities associated with HIV infection remains incompletely understood.
  • Subcortical structures play crucial roles in cognitive functions often affected in HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the three-dimensional (3D) profile of subcortical morphometry in HIV-positive individuals compared to uninfected controls.
  • To investigate the relationship between subcortical shape abnormalities and clinical factors such as nadir CD4+ T-cell count, viral load, and illness duration.
  • To characterize the specific patterns of brain structural changes in an aging HIV-positive population.

Main Methods:

  • Parametric surface-based shape analyses were employed on brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data.
  • Key subcortical structures including the thalamus, corpus striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, brainstem, corpus callosum, and ventricles were segmented.
  • Jacobian determinant (JD) and radial distances (RD) were analyzed to assess surface shape and volume changes.

Main Results:

  • HIV-positive participants exhibited significant volumetric enlargements in the thalamus, left pallidum, and ventricles, alongside a reduction in the corpus callosum.
  • Radial distance (RD) mapping indicated atrophy in the left thalamus and expansion of the brainstem in individuals with HIV.
  • Right pallidum morphology showed expansion linked to illness duration, while the left pallidum displayed anterior atrophy and posterior expansion associated with viral load.

Conclusions:

  • HIV infection is associated with distinct patterns of subcortical morphometric alterations, including both enlargements and atrophies in specific brain regions.
  • Subcortical structural changes are influenced by key disease progression markers, highlighting the impact of viral load and duration of illness.
  • These findings contribute to a better understanding of HIV-associated neurodegeneration and may inform future therapeutic strategies targeting brain health in HIV.