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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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CRISPR/Cas: A Faster and More Efficient Gene Editing System.

Bin Liu, Huifen Xu, Jiangfang Miao

    Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
    |September 29, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    CRISPR/Cas is a revolutionary gene editing tool, building on earlier technologies like ZFNs and TALENs. This review covers its discovery, development, and diverse applications in genetic modification.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Biotechnology

    Background:

    • Gene editing technologies like Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) have advanced.
    • CRISPR/Cas represents a significant evolution in gene editing capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the discovery and development of the CRISPR/Cas system.
    • To explore the applications of CRISPR/Cas as a novel gene editing tool.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of CRISPR/Cas discovery and technological advancements.
    • Analysis of CRISPR/Cas system's mechanism and efficiency.

    Main Results:

    • CRISPR/Cas system offers high efficiency and simplicity in gene editing and cloning.
    • It is widely utilized in creating genetically modified cells and organisms.

    Conclusions:

    • CRISPR/Cas is a powerful and versatile gene editing system.
    • Its continued development promises further breakthroughs in genetic research and applications.