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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 2, 2026

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
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Flexible goal attribution in early mindreading.

John Michael1, Wayne Christensen1

  • 1Department of Cognitive Science.

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|September 29, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 2-systems theory inadequately explains infant goal attribution. Infants demonstrate flexible cognitive processing and sensitivity to goal interrelations, challenging the theory's minimal assumptions for implicit false-belief tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • The 2-systems theory explains infant success on implicit false-belief tasks.
  • It posits a minimal mindreading system without flexible cognitive processes.
  • Goal attribution within this theory has received limited attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the characterization of goal attribution in the 2-systems theory.
  • To investigate the cognitive processes underlying infant goal attribution.
  • To assess the theory's adequacy in light of empirical findings.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the 2-systems theory's assumptions regarding goal attribution.
  • Review of empirical research on infant goal attribution and situational awareness.
  • Examination of the cognitive demands of implicit mindreading tasks.

Main Results:

  • Infant goal attribution suggests flexible semantic-executive processing.
  • Infants show sensitivity to interrelations between goals, beliefs, and preferences.
  • Implicit mindreading tasks require flexible goal attribution for success.

Conclusions:

  • The 2-systems theory's account of goal attribution is inadequate.
  • Infant cognitive abilities exceed the theory's minimal assumptions.
  • Modifications are needed to reconcile the theory with empirical evidence on goal attribution.