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Related Concept Videos

Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Children's Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease. Progress and Future Horizons.

Robin R Deterding1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Medicine Section, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado; and Breathing Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society
|September 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Significant progress has been made in understanding and treating children's interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD). Future research and global collaboration promise new treatments for these rare pediatric lung disorders.

Keywords:
childrendiffuse lung diseaseinterstitial lung disease

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Rare Diseases
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Children's interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD) comprises a diverse group of rare, severe pediatric lung disorders.
  • Recent decades show marked advancements in chILD classification, care, and research infrastructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review historical developments in chILD.
  • To highlight major clinical and research updates in chILD.
  • To discuss future opportunities for chILD research and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical data and recent literature on chILD.
  • Analysis of progress in disease classification and genetic definitions.
  • Examination of organizational structures and collaborative efforts in chILD research.

Main Results:

  • New chILD diseases have been identified and genetically defined.
  • Classification systems have been developed and implemented.
  • Dedicated organizations (chILDRN, chILD Foundation) and global collaborations have been established.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial progress has enhanced the care of children with chILD.
  • Future prospects include expanded scientific discovery and broader collaborations.
  • The outlook is promising for developing novel treatments for these rare pediatric lung diseases.