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Phoenixin: A candidate pruritogen in the mouse.

A Cowan1, R-M Lyu2, Y-H Chen3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.

Neuroscience
|September 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14), an endogenous peptide, triggers scratching behavior in mice, suggesting its role in transmitting itch signals. Kappa opioid receptor agonists can reduce this PNX-14-induced itch.

Keywords:
dorsal root ganglionitchkappa opioid receptornalfurafineprimary afferent neuronpruritogen

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Peptide Research
  • Sensory Biology

Background:

  • Phoenixin (PNX) is a peptide found in neural and non-neural tissues.
  • PNX exists in two forms: PNX-14 and PNX-20, with PNX-14 being predominant in mouse spinal cord.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PNX-14 in itch sensation.
  • To determine if PNX-14 acts as an endogenous signal molecule for itch.

Main Methods:

  • Detected PNX-immunoreactivity (irPNX) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and spinal cord using antiserum.
  • Used retrograde tracer (Fluorogold) to identify DRG neurons projecting to the skin.
  • Administered PNX-14 subcutaneously to mice and observed scratching behavior.
  • Tested the effect of kappa opioid receptor agonist (nalfurafine) on PNX-14-induced scratching.

Main Results:

  • irPNX was found in DRG cells and their projections to the spinal cord dorsal horn and skin.
  • PNX-14 injection induced dose-dependent scratching behavior in mice.
  • Nalfurafine significantly reduced PNX-14-induced scratching.

Conclusions:

  • PNX-14 is localized in sensory pathways involved in skin sensation.
  • PNX-14 acts as an endogenous mediator of itch sensation in mice.
  • Kappa opioid receptors are involved in modulating PNX-14-induced itch.