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Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
Published on: July 16, 2014
Recognition and treatment of autonomic disturbances in Parkinson's disease
Kai Li1, Heinz Reichmann2, Tjalf Ziemssen3
1a 1 Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Abstract:
Symptoms of dysautonomia are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), and almost all the functional autonomic subsystems can be involved in PD. However, they are still under-recognized in everyday clinical practice. Autonomic dysfunction can be observed in the early stages of PD, affect a substantial proportion of patients, impact quality of life and can also help in differential diagnosis. This review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, relevant examination and treatment of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, urogenital, thermoregulatory and pupil autonomic dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease.
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