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Maternal Versus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation During Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bruce W Hollis1, Carol L Wagner2, Cynthia R Howard3
1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina Children's Hospital, Charleston, South Carolina; wagnercl@musc.edu.
Pediatrics
|September 30, 2015
Summary
High-dose maternal vitamin D3 supplementation (6400 IU/day) safely ensures adequate vitamin D levels in breast milk for infants. This approach offers an alternative to directly supplementing the nursing infant with vitamin D.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Maternal and Infant Health
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Vitamin D is crucial for infant health, and breast milk may not provide sufficient amounts.
- Maternal supplementation is a potential strategy to increase infant vitamin D levels.
- Previous research has explored various maternal and infant supplementation regimens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effectiveness of high-dose maternal vitamin D3 supplementation (6400 IU/day) versus standard maternal and infant supplementation (400 IU/day).
- To assess the safety and efficacy of different vitamin D3 dosages in exclusively breastfeeding mothers and their infants.
- To determine if maternal supplementation alone can meet infant vitamin D requirements.
Main Methods:
- Randomized controlled trial involving exclusively breastfeeding women.
- Mothers were assigned to receive 400, 2400, or 6400 IU of vitamin D3 daily for six months.
- Infants in the 400 IU group received oral vitamin D3, while infants in higher-dose groups received a placebo.
Main Results:
- Maternal vitamin D3 supplementation of 6400 IU/day significantly increased maternal vitamin D and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels.
- Infant vitamin D levels did not differ significantly between the 400 IU maternal/infant supplementation group and the 6400 IU maternal-only supplementation group.
- Vitamin D deficiency in infants was influenced by race.
Conclusions:
- Maternal vitamin D3 supplementation at 6400 IU/day is a safe and effective strategy.
- This high-dose maternal supplementation adequately enriches breast milk to meet the infant's vitamin D needs.
- It presents a viable alternative to direct infant vitamin D supplementation.
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