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Incretin physiology and pathophysiology from an Asian perspective

Young Min Cho¹

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Diabetes Investigation

|September 30, 2015

Summary

Incretin hormones like glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 play a role in type 2 diabetes management in East Asians. Incretin-based therapies show promise and are generally well-tolerated in this population.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Diseases
Pharmacology

Background:

Incretin hormones (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1) regulate glucose homeostasis after nutrient intake.
East Asians with type 2 diabetes show preserved incretin secretion compared to Europeans.
The incretin effect is blunted in European type 2 diabetes patients, but not consistently in East Asians.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the role of incretin hormones in East Asian type 2 diabetes.
To investigate the efficacy and safety of incretin-based therapies in East Asians.
To understand ethnic differences in incretin biology and treatment response.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on incretin hormones in East Asian and European populations.
Analysis of studies comparing incretin effect and treatment responses across ethnicities.
Evaluation of pathophysiology, genetic factors, and lifestyle in ethnic variations.

Main Results:

East Asians with type 2 diabetes do not exhibit reduced incretin secretion.
Incretin-based therapies (DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs) appear more effective in Asians.
Potential reasons for differences include pathophysiology, genetics, BMI, and diet.

Conclusions:

Incretin-based therapies are generally safe and well-tolerated in East Asians with type 2 diabetes.
Ethnicity-specific pathophysiology influences treatment response to incretin-based therapies.
Consideration of these factors is crucial for personalized diabetes management guidelines.

Keywords:

Asian Incretin Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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