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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

20.3K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Nucleoid01:24

Nucleoid

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The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Related Experiment Video

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3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells
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PRC1 proteins orchestrate three-dimensional genome architecture.

Giacomo Cavalli1

  • 1Institute of Human Genetics, UPR 1142, CNRS, Montpellier, France.

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|September 30, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) organizes gene networks to maintain cell pluripotency. This study reveals PRC1

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The 3D genome organization is crucial for gene expression regulation.
  • Mechanisms governing genome architecture and its link to gene regulation are not fully understood.

Discussion:

  • Polycomb components of the PRC1 complex play a significant role in genome organization.
  • PRC1 establishes physical networks of co-repressed genes.

Key Insights:

  • PRC1 mediates the co-repression of genes within specific 3D genomic networks.
  • This co-repression mechanism is vital for maintaining pluripotency in cells.

Outlook:

  • Further research into PRC1's role can elucidate epigenetic regulation.
  • Understanding these networks may offer new avenues for regenerative medicine and disease treatment.