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A recursive vesicle-based model protocell with a primitive model cell cycle.

Kensuke Kurihara1,2, Yusaku Okura1, Muneyuki Matsuo1

  • 1Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.

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Researchers created self-proliferating model protocells capable of recursive growth over multiple generations. This advancement in synthetic biology offers insights into the origins of cellular life and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Origin of Life Studies
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Self-organized lipid structures, or protocells, are hypothesized intermediates between nonliving matter and cellular life.
  • Previous models demonstrated DNA amplification and self-reproduction in giant vesicle (GV)-based protocells.
  • Recursive self-proliferation across multiple generations in model protocells remained unachieved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate recursive self-proliferation in model protocells over multiple generations.
  • To establish a primitive, stimulus-responsive cell cycle for model protocells.
  • To advance the synthetic production of protocells mimicking early life processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pH-induced vesicular fusion to restore daughter giant vesicles (GVs) to parental GV status.
  • Incorporated conveyer GVs filled with depleted substrates for daughter GV restoration.
  • Defined a four-phase primitive model cell cycle (ingestion, replication, maturity, division) triggered by external stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Achieved recursive self-proliferation of model protocells across multiple generations.
  • Demonstrated successful restoration of daughter GVs via fusion with substrate-rich conveyer GVs.
  • Established a primitive cell cycle with distinct phases activated by specific external stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model protocells exhibit recursive self-proliferation, a crucial step towards understanding early life.
  • This work provides a foundation for creating more complex protocell models capable of evolutionary processes.
  • The study highlights the potential of synthetic biology to recapitulate key events in the origin of life.