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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

7.9K
When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
7.9K
Viscosity01:27

Viscosity

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Viscosity is a property of fluids that measures their resistance to flow. It is influenced by factors such as the surface area of contact, the gradient of flow speed, and the fluid's viscosity constant, called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, also known as dynamic viscosity, is denoted by the symbol η. It determines the proportionality between the viscous force and the gradient of flow speed.Newton's law of viscosity states that the viscous force on a...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

22.1K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
7.2K
Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

2.2K
Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

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The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
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Slip of Spreading Viscoplastic Droplets.

Maziyar Jalaal1, Neil J Balmforth2, Boris Stoeber3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|September 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated how complex fluid droplets spread on glass. Modifying the glass surface charge reduced droplet spreading and slip, especially for Carbopol solutions, demonstrating surface charge

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Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids
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Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids
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Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids

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Area of Science:

  • Rheology and Fluid Dynamics
  • Surface Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding droplet spreading dynamics is crucial for various industrial applications, including coatings, printing, and microfluidics.
  • The behavior of complex fluids, such as polymer solutions, is often influenced by surface interactions and fluid properties like viscosity and elasticity.
  • Effective slip at fluid-solid interfaces can significantly alter droplet spreading, but its control remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the spreading of axisymmetric viscoplastic droplets (Carbopol and xanthan gum solutions) on glass surfaces.
  • To quantify the effect of surface charge modification on droplet spreading dynamics and interfacial slip.
  • To correlate fluid rheology and surface properties with observed spreading behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized shadowgraphy and swept-field confocal microscopy for visualizing droplet spreading.
  • Employed particle image velocimetry (PIV) with neutrally buoyant tracers to measure radial velocity profiles.
  • Conducted experiments on both untreated and positively charged glass surfaces to study the impact of surface adhesion.

Main Results:

  • On untreated glass, both Carbopol and xanthan gum solutions exhibited significant effective slip.
  • On positively charged glass surfaces, droplet spreading was reduced, leading to smaller radial distances.
  • PIV measurements confirmed a substantial reduction in slip on the treated surface; effective slip was eliminated for Carbopol and significantly reduced for xanthan gum.

Conclusions:

  • Surface charge plays a critical role in controlling the spreading of viscoplastic droplets on solid surfaces.
  • Promoting adhesion via surface charge modification effectively suppresses interfacial slip, thereby altering spreading dynamics.
  • The degree of slip reduction depends on the specific complex fluid, with Carbopol showing complete slip elimination under the experimental conditions.