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Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
Published on: September 26, 2025
In vitro methods for screening transdermal formulations
Pei-Chin Tsai1,2, Serom Lee3, Bozena Michniak-Kohn1,2
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Abstract:
This article provides a review of the critical in vitro assays utilized in transdermal drug development. In vitro assays such as percutaneous absorption testing and dissolution (drug release) testing are powerful tools for screening potential transdermal compounds and drug quality control, respectively. Several 2D single-cell cultures and 3D human skin equivalents are available for screening compounds with low irritation and sensitization potential. The role of each assay and its limitations and challenges will be further discussed below.
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