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Related Concept Videos

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

Multi-input and Multi-variable systems

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Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
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The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
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In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Optogenetic Functional MRI
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Multi-slice MRI with the dynamic multi-coil technique.

Christoph Juchem1, Omar M Nahhass2, Terence W Nixon1

  • 1Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MR Research Center (MRRC), New Haven, CT, USA.

NMR in Biomedicine
|October 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dynamic multi-coil technique (DYNAMITE) MRI generates magnetic field gradients without dedicated coils. This novel approach achieves image quality comparable to conventional MRI, marking a significant advancement.

Keywords:
DYNAMITEmulti-coilradial imagingspatial encodingspatial selectionspherical harmonic

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physics

Background:

  • Conventional MRI relies on dedicated X, Y, and Z wire patterns for spatial encoding.
  • The dynamic multi-coil technique (DYNAMITE) offers an alternative for generating magnetic field shapes.
  • Previous work demonstrated DYNAMITE's effectiveness in B0 field homogenization and proof-of-principle for radial and algebraic MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To further explore the potential of the DYNAMITE technique in MRI.
  • To present the first multi-slice MRI implementation using exclusively DYNAMITE-based gradient fields.
  • To evaluate the image fidelity and quality of this novel DYNAMITE-based system.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a multi-slice MRI system utilizing only DYNAMITE for all gradient fields.
  • Comparison of image fidelity and quality against a conventional MRI system with dedicated gradient coils.
  • Utilizing individually driven localized coils to generate dynamic magnetic field shapes.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of a multi-slice MRI system driven entirely by DYNAMITE.
  • Achieved image fidelity virtually identical to conventional MRI systems.
  • Comparable image quality was obtained, validating the DYNAMITE approach for gradient generation.

Conclusions:

  • DYNAMITE MRI is a viable alternative to conventional gradient coil systems.
  • The presented multi-slice implementation represents a milestone towards fully functional DYNAMITE MRI systems.
  • This technology holds promise for future advancements in MRI hardware and capabilities.