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Physical chemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies the principles from physics underlying chemical reactions. It provides deep insights into the behaviors of molecules, the forces they experience, and their interactions and chemical reactions.The term "physical chemistry" was introduced by Mikhail Lomonosov in 1752. Since then, it has seen significant contributions from notable scientists such as Josiah Willard Gibbs, Wilhelm Ostwald, Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff, and Linus Pauling.Key...
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All chemical reactions begin with a reactant, the general term for one or more substances entering the reaction. Sodium and chloride ions, for example, are the reactants in the production of table salt. One or more substances produced by a chemical reaction are called the product. Chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass, which means that matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The components of the reactants—the number of atoms and the...
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Physico-Chemical Processes.

Bin Hua1, Huixin Xiong, Zhengyang Wang

  • 1Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO 65102, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers 2014 research on physico-chemical water and wastewater treatment processes. It details advancements in coagulation, filtration, sedimentation, oxidation, flotation, and sorption.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Physico-chemical processes are crucial for effective water and wastewater management.
  • Continuous research is vital to improve treatment efficiency and sustainability.
  • Understanding recent advancements aids in developing better water purification strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize research on physico-chemical water and wastewater treatment published in 2014.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of key treatment processes.
  • To highlight significant developments in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications from 2014.
  • Categorization of research into six core physico-chemical treatment processes.
  • Synthesis of findings across different treatment methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Coagulation/flocculation research focused on novel coagulants and enhanced particle removal.
  • Filtration studies explored advanced membrane technologies and improved contaminant exclusion.
  • Sedimentation techniques saw advancements in optimizing settling efficiency and sludge management.
  • Oxidation processes investigated enhanced oxidation techniques for recalcitrant pollutant degradation.
  • Flotation research highlighted improved air-bubble generation and contaminant recovery.
  • Sorption process reviews covered new adsorbent materials and enhanced pollutant uptake.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress was made across all reviewed physico-chemical treatment processes in 2014.
  • Emerging technologies and materials show promise for future water and wastewater treatment.
  • The review provides a valuable snapshot of the research landscape for 2014, guiding future investigations.