Amino acids, peptides, and proteins as chemically bonded stationary phases--A review

The selectivity of chromatographic separation depends mostly on the stationary phase and mobile phase composition. Despite being a material with bonded simple organic molecule, a wide group of stationary phases contain immobilized compound that possesses biological activity. Stationary phases that contain amino acids and peptides as well as enzymes and proteins are alternative materials that may be used for liquid chromatographic separations and are reviewed in this work. In the case of peptide-bonded stationary phases, most of these types of materials were elaborated in the 1970s and 1980s; however, over the last few years a growing interest has been observed which is connected with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. The most important application of amino acid and peptide-bonded stationary phases is connected with separation of amino acids, their derivatives, and peptides. The main advantage of such materials is the ability for chiral separations.