Stereoselective Chlorination and Bromination of Enamides and Enamines via an Electrostatic Attraction Effect Using
1Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.
Abstract:
The direct chlorination and bromination of (E)-enamines and (Z)-enamides to the corresponding (Z)-configurated α-chloroenamines, α-bromoenamines, and α-chloroenamides have been realized using NiCl2·6H2O or tetrabutyl ammonium bromide as a halide source and (1,1-diacetoxyiodo)benzene as an oxidant. The high stereoselective reactions which produce products with only (Z)-configurations can be attributed to the structure of the intermediates, the conformations of which are controlled by the electrostatic attractions between the positively charged nitrogen atoms and the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group. This type of electrostatic effect has never been reported in olefin halogenations. For this reason, the three-membered bromonium ion is only a minor intermediate in the enamine bromination pathway. These methods open pathways to prepare α-chloroenamines and α-chloroenamides, which are not accessible via the currently used methods.
More Related Videos
06:31Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
Published on: November 27, 2015
06:46Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
Published on: June 21, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene
Halogenation of Alkenes
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation
Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes
